>>17903547 (OP)
> Plato
In The Republic, Plato basically says most people can't handle thinking for themselves. He thought education should only go to the "philosopher-kings" and elites who run the state. If everyone got educated without the right philosophical training, he worried society would just end up with slick talkers (sophists) and manipulative leaders (demagogues) instead of real wisdom.
> Nietzsche
Nietzsche hated mass education... He saw it as a factory for churning out obedient, average people. He believed real genius and culture could only thrive if the exceptional few weren't dragged down by the "herd". In Twilight of the Idols, he roasts modern education for making people clever but not actually wise.
> Rousseau
Rousseau also warned that mass literacy and books could mess people up by forcing society's fake values on them. He thought too much book-learning would make people lose touch with their natural instincts and real-life experience.
> Old-School Conservative Takes
Some old-school conservatives (like Joseph de Maistre and even Edmund Burke in some ways) thought mass education would wreck tradition and social order. They believed literacy and schooling should be tightly controlled to keep culture and religion "pure".
> Marxist Critiques
Some (like Althusser) argue that under capitalism, schools are just brainwashing machines to keep workers in line. Radicals like Ivan Illich (Deschooling Society) say institutional education is more about control than actual freedom.
> Foucault
Foucault saw mass education as part of a bigger system of control... Schools, prisons, and factories all work the same way to make people obedient and easy to manage.
> Anti-Colonial Takes
Thinkers like Frantz Fanon and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o called out how colonizers used mass literacy to wipe out native cultures and replace them with Western ideas. Education wasn’t about liberation... It was a tool for domination.