>>212363484Yes, in the case of Peru, the Morochuco, our earliest herding culture, which also seems to be the oldest in Spanish South America, emerged during the turmoil that characterized the land before the Viceroyalty was consolidated.
As background: during the conquistadors’ civil war, which unfolded alongside the Neo-Inca state’s establishment, Gonzalo’s forces emerged victorious after decapitating Peru’s de facto ruler, the mestizo Almagro el Mozo, whose aides had murdered Francisco Pizarro, who himself had killed Almagro the elder. The Crown sent the first Viceroy, Blasco Núñez Vela, to restore order and claim the land, since Pizarro and Almagro the elder, the men originally granted the territory, were both dead. Blasco was soon defeated and beheaded by Gonzalo Pizarro, whose followers even urged him to marry an Inca princess and be crowned king of Peru. Charles V acted swiftly, sending Pedro de la Gasca to pacify Peru and have Gonzalo executed.