>>63864380It's logged to the airframe and to individual structural components. Once in a while major structural components (wing spars, ribs, the skin) are inspected for cracks and fatigue in general. Service life extensions involve taking it all apart and inspecting everything before the airframe gets cleared for more service life.
>>63865156Simplifying things the wing is essentially a cantilevered beam, stress is not evenly distributed even in the evenly loaded case, and lift is not evenly distributed across the wing.