>>63921027I think the best categorization is:
-Manor is a large house for the nobility, could even be the house of the king
-A palace is a large house for the topmost nobility but also houses government bureaucratic and administrative functions, international guests, and serves as a convention center of sorts
-A fortress is a purely defensive fortification with little beyond a martial goal, even if occupied by a ruler temporarily but not something you would want to live in permanently as the focus is on effective defense and not a luxurious estate
-A castle is a defensive fortification that also includes elements of a manor with the keep, a defensive stronghold and residency for the highest authority, and may also house bureaucratic and administrative faculties but is primarily focused on military and strategic goals
-A citadel is harder to categorize but I would say it is a militarized bureaucratic stronghold agnostic to the type of governance the state normally has.
I'm sure you can nitpick terms endlessly and even mine arent foolproof but that is generally how I try and categorize things to myself. Is it meant to be a full time residence? Is it meant to be nice and pretty? Are other people meant to inhabit it, etc. and try to figure out its purpose.
But yeah Neuschwanstein is a palace. Schloss Hohenwerfen, and Schloss Hochosterwitz, those are fucking castles. Imagine trying to besiege a fully garrisoned Hochosterwitz who always has a height advantage and is making you go piecemeal up the path.