>>24489491 (OP)>Can God's existence be demonstrated or proven by natural reason? and how do seminal works in philosophy and theology (e.g., those by Thomas Aquinas, Immanuel Kant, and contemporary thinkers) address this issue?Thomas Aquinas, a towering figure in medieval Scholasticism, firmly believed that God's existence can be demonstrated by natural reason. He famously presented his arguments in the Summa Theologica (Part I, Question 2, Article 3), known as the "Five Ways" (Quinque Viae).
The Argument from Motion: Everything in motion is moved by something else. This chain of movers cannot go on infinitely, so there must be an Unmoved Mover, which is God.