>>24528160If the first part of the book (before the 20-year gap) examines older modes of thought (classical education, liberalism, conservativism, gradualism in geology, Darwin's work, statistics in the social sciences, avant garde poetics, developments in art history, classical diplomacy, et al) and finds many of them wanting, then the second part arguably takes up what were then current and even cutting-edge forms of thought (from various fields: physics, mathematics, psychology, engineering, historical thinking, et al) and tests them against contemporaneous deeper trends in material production and resource extraction (coal, emergent oil, electrical power, radiation and x-rays, etc.) and economics (currency trading, trade imbalances, collapse of older imperial powers: Spain, Britain, etc) to see if they are likely to provide guidance moving forward: when Adams then writes near the close of all this that thought would need to learn how to "leap," he may be suggesting that models based on continuity and gradual development (unity across time) are unlikely to be up to the task, while those that account for rupture and discontinuity in history (catastrophism in geology: Clarence King; Marx's theories of radical or revolutionary shifts in power and production; etc.) may have chance, since they can at least attempt to incorporate multiplicity (substantial change) across time and in historical thinking, and can hence historicize their own particularity as forms of thought that are responding to their own complex and unfolding presents -- that is, to paraphrase another of Adams's aphorism, they can follow the force that attracts (whatever that happens to be in a given historical moment: a difficult thing to judge, and part of the work of critical thought, arguably).Or as Adams also puts it, in a methodological axiom: study success (which does not mean simply follow the fads and ascribe to the standards by which something is judged a success, but study those as well, by examining them in relation to their own historical contexts, analyzing and judging the first principles they claim as their foundation).