>>28512929>>28511959 (OP)For conventional engine geometries of intake heads mated to cylinder blocks, the main limiting factor is not simply material strength, but clamping force, to stop gas leaks every time combustion events happen at higher peak pressure levels. Bolts are used because it is a simple part that is easy to service in a cramped engine bay and torque to spec.
Of course, if instead of using single cast block+head, you use individual monolithic cylinders like in radial engines, then there is no leaky seams or gaskets to worry about in the combustion chamber, and these can be fastened to the crank case by various means.