>>28512080 (OP)Most engines have some headroom available unless they struggle to breath at stock power levels. This is because NO2 emissions increase significantly at the hottest end of the gasoline combustion spectrum, and NO2 emissions rules are pretty tight. Almost everything will accept more timing and a throttle remap (turbocharged Throttle by Wire cars in particular often don't actually give you WOT at max boost and high RPM, just like newer TbW bikes don't give you WOT at high RPM either). You can gain at least some power by altering these parameters from factory settings, but the factory settings aren't just good for NO2 emissions, but also for engine longevity and fuel economy, so there isn't a free lunch here.
This is not specific to Japanese cars either, it's specific to basically everything that isn't a miserable penalty box. The problem is that some cars are so complicated to tune in this manner (especially DI cars with robust ECU encryption) that no one bothers.