>>507530151Among these CECs, bisphenol A (BPA) is a major concern because of its widespread use and endocrine-disrupting properties. Brazil's urbanization and industrial growth have led to significant pollution challenges, primarily due to inadequate sewage infrastructure and untreated domestic wastewater being discharged into rivers, contributing to the presence of emerging contaminants in surface waters. This study assessed BPA contamination and estrogenic activity in the Paraíba do Sul River in São Paulo State, Brazil. BPA was detected in 50% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 11.1 to 116.9 ng L−1. The estrogenic activity assay also showed positive results in 50% of the samples, ranging from 0.12 to 1.36 ng L−1 of estradiol-equivalent, indicating the presence of multiple compounds contributing to estrogenic effects.
https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article/22/11/2060/105724/A-comprehensive-study-on-bisphenol-A-and