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>India's fertility rate has fallen substantially - from 5.7 births per woman in 1950 to the current rate of two.
>Fertility rates have fallen below the replacement level of two births per woman in 17 of the 29 states and territories.
>The five southern Indian states lead India's demographic transition, achieving replacement-level fertility well ahead of others. Kerala reached the milestone in 1988, Tamil Nadu in 1993, and the rest by the mid-2000s.
>Today, the five southern states have total fertility rates below 1.6, with Karnataka at 1.6 and Tamil Nadu at 1.4. In other words, fertility rates in these states match or are less than many European countries.