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Germany and Japan leveraged external aid, pre-existing industrial bases, stable governance, and global market integration to rebuild rapidly. India, constrained by colonial legacies, limited aid, and internal challenges like poverty and diversity, prioritized long-term nation-building over rapid economic growth. While India’s progress was slower, its focus on self-reliance and democratic stability laid the foundation for later economic reforms (e.g., 1991), enabling significant growth in subsequent decades.