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During David’s reign (and Solomon’s), the terms “Israel” and “Judah” did not denote separate kingdoms but referred to the collective 12 tribes or specific tribal groups within the united nation. For example, “Israel” often means the whole people (e.g., 2 Samuel 5:12), while “Judah” might highlight David’s tribe or southern region (e.g., 2 Sam)

God’s promise to David in 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (repeated in 1 Chronicles 17:11-14) established an eternal dynasty: “Your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me.” This covenant is central to messianic expectations, fulfilled in Jesus, a descendant of David from Judah (Matthew 1:1, Luke 1:32-33).

Jesus is explicitly a descendant of David, from the tribe of Judah (Matthew 1:1-16, Luke 3:23-38, Romans 1:3, Hebrews 7:14, Revelation 5:5). His birth in Bethlehem (Judah’s territory, Micah 5:2) and Davidic heritage tie him to Judah, fulfilling messianic prophecies (e.g., Genesis 49:10: “The scepter shall not depart from Judah”).