1) Look at a lot of pictures.
2) Keep a folder of all the ones you like. This is your "innate preference." Look at them frequently.
3) Analyze them consciously. You don't have to use fancy art school terms. Just describe them to yourself. Write it down.
4) Find similar arrangements of things in the world using just your naked eyeballs. Just go out and walk around and look at the world and look for scenes that are similar to the pictures you like.
5) Take pictures of them and (THIS IS KEY) try to imitate the pictures you like as closely as possible. Do your damnedest to plagiarize those pictures.

Repeat the above for the rest of your life. You'll start to notice patterns that feel right for you. It will also get you out of the noob habit of picking up your camera and saying "I'm going to take an interesting picture" even though there's nothing of visual interest around you. If you look around and there's nothing there, guess what - there's nothing there. You can't force a good picture out of your boring living room.