>>509632112
They managed to sneak in here and there. The ongoing wars of modern times, the financial needs of kings, princes, and city authorities, and the rising luxury opened the gates for them.

Indeed, Luther had warned seriously and loudly against the Jews in his later years. But that was forgotten; at times one gets the impression that the Jews were seen as allies in the fight against Rome. However, how little they were affected by the great intellectual movement of the Renaissance, Humanism, and the Reformation is evident from the fact that it was precisely in the 16th century that the Shulchan Aruch was written down, which establishes all areas of practical Jewish religious law in brief form. Here we encounter a completely foreign spirit that deeply offends our German sensibility.


Around the turn of the Middle Ages to the Modern Era, hundreds of thousands of Jews were first expelled from Spain and then from Portugal. This expulsion coincided with the discovery of America and the sea route to the East Indies; it is no wonder that many Jews turned to the New World! Others went to Holland and England. In 1597, the first Portuguese Jews settled in Amsterdam and gained access; soon the first synagogue was opened, and the Jews themselves called Amsterdam their new, great Jerusalem. Jewish communities emerged in numerous other cities in Holland; during the Dutch Wars of Liberation, Jews also migrated from Antwerp. -