Pretty much around the 18th century, Judaism was heavily fractured and had a colloquial caste system and discrimination between Jews (E.G., my power levels are higher than your power levels, get out of my shop!) And ongoing pogroms and massacers in the Eurozone.

This lead to the "Mystical Revival" giving rise to Hasidism, and fall of Shabbateanism. Hasidsm promoted hereditary Dynastic leadership, and many Judaism groups present globally today.

Major dynasties include:
>Satmar (Romania, 19th century). Anti-Zionist
>Chabad-Lubavitch (Russia, 19th century). Pro-Zionist. Largest Emmisary presence and Deeply U.S. entrenched.
>Ger (Poland, 18th Century). Political Pro-Zionists, such as Agudat Yisrael Party in Israel.
>Belz (Ukraine, 18th Centry). Anti-Zionism in a Theological sense that Israel is not Divine Fulfillment, Political alleigance with Ger in Agidat Yisrael Party
>Vizhnitz (Ukraine, 19th Century). Non-Religious Cultural Zionism. Political with Bnei Brak Party
>Bobov (20th Century). Non-Zionist but uses Israel for institutional practicality. Major presense in Israel and U.S.

Some smaller Dynasties, such as Skver, Sanz and Amshinov, have a spectrum of Pro-Zionism to Pure Non-Zionism, focusing on pious, non-political life. All with U.S. presence.

This is the current "set" of Judaism, a required toolkit in naming every congress "AIPAC guy"