>>17853915
>Infantry squares didn't contribute to their subjugation.
They absolutely did. See Muslim gunpowder empires and Russia conquering Golden Horde lands.
what was different about these armies was employment of numerous professional musketeer infantry. While their cavalry remained traditional feudal military armed with bows and sabres. Like mongols 400 years before.
But musket was that secret ingredient that allowed them to roll over militaries that didn't have musket.