The paper argues that cultural products, such as ideas, tunes, fashions, or pots, are not replicators like genes or memes, but rather vehicles or extended phenotypes produced by the genes. The authors propose a gene’s-eye view of culture, in which cultural products are seen as adaptations to the environment that enhance the fitness of the genes that produce them. The authors contrast this view with the meme’s-eye view of culture, in which cultural products are seen as self-replicating entities that compete for transmission and survival. The authors claim that the gene’s-eye view of culture can better explain the diversity, complexity, and functionality of cultural products, as well as their coevolution with biological traits. The authors also discuss the implications of this view for understanding human cognition, cooperation, morality, and innovation. The paper provides several examples and models to illustrate the gene’s-eye view of culture and to compare it with the meme’s-eye view of culture. The paper concludes by suggesting some future directions for research on the gene-culture coevolution.

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