The Supreme Courts decision at Elk v. Wilkins confirmed the understanding I have presented, ruling that the clause requires persons to be "COMPLETELY subject to the POLITICAL JURISDICTION" and "owing direct and immediate allegiance to the United States"

Permanent Residency is the common thread in all of these cases, in congressional debate, in the 1866 Civil Rights Act and in subsequent supreme court cases.

>>509521507
The Supreme Courts decision at Elk v. Wilkins confirmed this understanding, ruling that the clause requires persons to be "COMPLETELY subject to the POLITICAL JURISDICTION" and "owing direct and immediate allegiance to the United States"

The Supreme Courts decision at Elk v. Wilkins confirmed this understanding, ruling that the clause requires persons to be "COMPLETELY subject to the POLITICAL JURISDICTION" and "owing direct and immediate allegiance to the United States"