If you actually want to go for a curated, enhanced experience, start with golden era arcade gaming. Space Invaders, Pac-Man and Donkey Kong are a must. Don't just play for 10 minutes, try to get decent scores. Play for several days and learn the games and get proficient. Feel the raw ludonics, the DNA of video games.
If you want more golden era arcade stuff you can delve into Colecovision, good console with lots of great arcade ports and some exclusives as well.
After you went through the golden age arcade stuff it's time for you to get into the actual golden era of gaming and go nuts with Famicom/NES. Don't just play the top 10 games like Zelda, Mario 3 or Castlevania right off the bat (heh), try to delve into early Famicom first. I recommend trying any early 90s famiclone multicart, they include many classics, many of which weren't released officially outside of Japan.
I think you will be busy with Famicom for a while. And after that you have Genesis and SNES. Honestly this journey is endless.