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7/26/2025, 8:04:26 PM
There were 2 waves of Indo-Europeans from the northern frosts, or 3 if you like and want to count "Doggerland".
The second took place from 3000 BC to 2300 BC driven by the emergence of new breeds of cattle from the steppe, first the Yamnaya migrated west to similar terrain like the Pannonian steppe and the north European plain and after a few centuries transformed into new cultures like Corded ware. There was then another migration into western Europe starting around 2500 BC, likely after they had adapted agricultural practices to the oceanic environment of western Europe, with the r1b male haplotype almost wiping out WHG and NEF.
The third wave was due to innovation, the spoked wheel around 1500 BC, which had both economic and military utility. This migration was not just to the west but the east where r1a bearing Vedic Aryan conquerors destroyed the Indus valley civilization, their religion still worshipped by the Indians to this day. They also introduced the spoked wheel and bronze working techniques to China, no doubt through some conflict. This event fascinated European historians who wondered why Iranian and Indian languages were Indo-European and popularized the term "aryan" leading to its inaccurate use, though perhaps not entirely. Few were blonde like the Nordics, but if you saw one today you'd consider them white.
To the west they formed the urnfield culture, predecessors of the Celts and Etruscans, they also warred with the nordics, remains of which can be seen at the battlefield of the Tollense valley. This culture would also migrate south and wage war against the Mycenaeans, again attested in the archaeological records due to their subsequent massive fortification efforts in 1250 BC. Another invasion in 1200 BC was successful triggering the bronze age collapse and the emergence of the "sea peoples", a group which included Mediterranean peoples and later conflated with the "Atlanteans". Their practice of cremation is mentioned in the Iliad.
The second took place from 3000 BC to 2300 BC driven by the emergence of new breeds of cattle from the steppe, first the Yamnaya migrated west to similar terrain like the Pannonian steppe and the north European plain and after a few centuries transformed into new cultures like Corded ware. There was then another migration into western Europe starting around 2500 BC, likely after they had adapted agricultural practices to the oceanic environment of western Europe, with the r1b male haplotype almost wiping out WHG and NEF.
The third wave was due to innovation, the spoked wheel around 1500 BC, which had both economic and military utility. This migration was not just to the west but the east where r1a bearing Vedic Aryan conquerors destroyed the Indus valley civilization, their religion still worshipped by the Indians to this day. They also introduced the spoked wheel and bronze working techniques to China, no doubt through some conflict. This event fascinated European historians who wondered why Iranian and Indian languages were Indo-European and popularized the term "aryan" leading to its inaccurate use, though perhaps not entirely. Few were blonde like the Nordics, but if you saw one today you'd consider them white.
To the west they formed the urnfield culture, predecessors of the Celts and Etruscans, they also warred with the nordics, remains of which can be seen at the battlefield of the Tollense valley. This culture would also migrate south and wage war against the Mycenaeans, again attested in the archaeological records due to their subsequent massive fortification efforts in 1250 BC. Another invasion in 1200 BC was successful triggering the bronze age collapse and the emergence of the "sea peoples", a group which included Mediterranean peoples and later conflated with the "Atlanteans". Their practice of cremation is mentioned in the Iliad.
6/26/2025, 6:18:39 PM
>>508795513
are you implying yamnaya originated in india, the genetic evidence completely disproves that
are you implying yamnaya originated in india, the genetic evidence completely disproves that
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