Russia is building an isolated internet under the full control of the Kremlin, —

Last week, Putin signed a series of laws that tighten restrictions on access to foreign services and bypassing blocks.

Kremlin is increasing pressure on VPNs, with which Russians still use YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook.

Advertising for VPN services is prohibited, and their use for “criminal purposes” now threatens with fines and prison.

The Russian authorities are creating their own ecosystem of controlled applications, including MAX messenger, which will be mandatory for installation on all new smartphones starting in September.
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