>>510599535
the Kingdom of Hijaz, now Jordan, was territory mostly outside the Arabian Desert. it's higher up. Kuwait is too and is a buffer between Saudi and Iran. the Saudi Arabian-Iraq border was a straight line connecting Jordan to Kuwait.

Israel's border in the bible probably followed a similar ecoregion like the Ottoman borders did. the top border is the Euphrates river. any kind of nation state in that region will follow similar borders as laid out in the bible because it's where people are able to live.