>>510940030
FST values, show that human populations are genetically differentiated, especially when comparing continental groups:

These FST values between human populations are comparable to or greater than those that define subspecies in other mammals.

* So while within-group variation (i.e., genetic differences among individuals of the same population) is larger than between-group variation, the between-group differences are still biologically significant.
* These differences are not just "noise" — they are:
* Functionally relevant
* Correlated with geography
* Linked to ancestry-informative traits
* Useful in predicting disease risk, drug response, and adaptation