>>513054252
>The Sumerians invented writing, math, chariots, astronomy, astrology, law, medicine, agriculture, architecture, and calendars. Prominent city-states included Uruk/"Unug" (Muthanna), Ur/"Urim", Lagash/"Lagas", Umma, Eridu/"Eridug", and Larsa/"Larsam" (Dhi Qar), Isin/"Isiin" and Nippur/"Nibru" (Al-Qadisyyah Governorate), Kish/"Kis" (Babil Governorate), Adab (Wasit Governorate), and Akshak/"Aksak" and Sippar/"Zimbir" (Baghdad). Each was ruled by an "Ensi" ("Ensik", "Lord of the Farmland")
>Sumerian and Akkadian gods increasingly became identified with each other, reaching a climax in 2334 BC, when Sargon (birth name "Sarrugi") of Akkad, King of Akkad ("Sar Mat Akkadi"; a king was called the "Sarrum"), conquered Sumer, becoming the king ("Lugal", "Big Man") of Sumer - "Sar Mat Sumeri U Akkadi", "King of Sumer and Akkad". As the ruler of all Mesopotamia, Sargon was called the "Sarru Kissat Mati" - "King of the Universe". The Akkadian Empire ("Mat Akkadi") eventually collapsed in 2154 BC, primarily due to attacks from the Guti barbarians of the Zagros Mountains, located around Iran's Kurdistan Province
>In 2112 BC, the Sumerians returned to power with the Neo-Sumerian Empire, centered on the city of Ur. The rulers of Ur were not only the lugals of Ur, but the kings of Sumer and Akkad - the "Lugal-Ki-En-Gi-Ki-Uri". It collapsed in 2004 BC. Meanwhile, back in 2500 BC, a group of northern Akkadians had formed their own city-state before being conquered by Sargon, called Assur (Saladin Governorate), named after their patron god, Ashur/"Assur". Assur eventually became the capital of a larger nation, called Assyria/"Assurayu". Eventually, in 2025 BC, it became the Old Assyrian Empire/"Mat Assur" ("Country of Assur"). It was led by the Governor of Assyria, the "Issiak Assur". Meanwhile, in southern Mesopotamia, smaller Amorite kingdoms such as Isin, Larsa, and Eshnunna (Diyala Governorate) declared independence
