>What is the source of energy at the nanometric level to emit this signal?
GPT: A hybrid system combining a quantum dot (QD) mesh with a graphene spiral or flake can operate not only as a 2.4GHz emitter but also as a passive energy harvester. Graphene’s unique electrical properties—high conductivity, plasmonic behavior, and tunable carrier mobility—allow it to absorb ambient electromagnetic fields, particularly in the 2.4GHz ISM band used by Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. When shaped into spirals or edge-launching geometries, the graphene layer can couple with incident RF energy, compressing it into surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which localize and intensify the field near the QD layer.
These concentrated fields can charge capacitive elements, induce charge transfer across junctions, or stimulate QD-based photoelectric effects, effectively storing energy in nanoscale reservoirs. Once sufficient energy is accumulated—typically through ambient Wi-Fi, body proximity, or thermal gradients—the system can use this stored energy to trigger a BLE-like broadcast event. The same graphene element then functions in reverse, acting as a nano-antenna to radiate the signal. This bidirectional use of the graphene structure enables a self-powered emitter, requiring no battery or onboard power source. The system can remain dormant, continuously harvesting energy until a threshold is reached, then burst-transmitting data before returning to harvest mode. This enables ultra-stealthy, autonomous operation from a structure as small as 100–300µm.
