As for blackmail, Epstein’s broader operation has been widely associated with collecting compromising information on powerful associates, with victims allegedly instructed to provide detailed reports on encounters that could serve as “blackmail material.” In depositions, Epstein invoked the Fifth Amendment over 500 times, refusing to answer questions about alleged blackmail of prominent men. However, there is no direct evidence or specific allegation in the unsealed documents or reports that Epstein blackmailed Dubin, Highbridge, or related parties—though the close financial and personal ties have fueled speculation in media and online discussions. A 2025 DOJ memo concluded there was no credible evidence of Epstein maintaining a “client list” or blackmailing prominent individuals overall.