>>95865766 (OP)Tolkien Orcs are more interesting because they are not mindless brutes who relay on their physical strength and had to relay on numbers, technology. It's curious how out of all the things copypasted from LOTR orcs were not one of them. Tolkienian Orcs have most of the prototypical characteristics of the trope — they are ugly, fanged, violent, and serve as mooks for Sauron — but also have a number of more archaic traits that later orcs tend to lack. The standard breed quite short on average and are not physically stronger than humans, with broadly apelike proportions; their skin color is either sallow or pitch black rather than green or brown; many low ranking orcs are cowardly by nature, and more inclined towards banditry, bullying, and living in small tribes of their own accord, and only gather in huge armies when forced to by a dark lord. They're also descended from elves, humans, or mixtures of the two that were ruined through millennia of enslavement, eugenics, and torture, an origin that is rarely found in modern orcs. They also have human-level intelligence and good knowledge of technology, and are said to be inventive with machines, "especially the ingenious devices for killing large numbers of people at once." A brief scene in the Lord of the Rings suggests they are skilled healers; their methods are unpleasant and painful, but undeniably effective. The words "orc" and "goblin" were used intermittently, and they never really diverged until after Tolkien's death — indeed, Tolkien's Orcs are in many ways more similar to modern fantasy goblins than orcs. However in The Hobbit it is said Orcs are larger than goblins. This is dropped in later works where standard goblins are called orcs and larger orcs are called Uruk-Hai.