>>40777891Yahweh[b] was an ancient Semitic deity of weather and war in the ancient Levant, the national god of the kingdoms of Judah and Israel, and the head of the pantheon of the polytheistic Israelite religion.[4][9][10] Although there is no clear consensus regarding the geographical origins of the deity,[11] scholars generally hold that Yahweh was associated with Seir, Edom, Paran, and Teman,[12] and later with Canaan. The worship of the deity reaches back to at least the early Iron Age, and likely to the late Bronze Age, if not somewhat earlier.[13]
In the oldest biblical texts, Yahweh possesses attributes that were typically ascribed to deities of weather and war, fructifying the Land of Israel and leading a heavenly army against the enemies of the Israelites.[14] The early Israelites engaged in polytheistic practices that were common across ancient Semitic religion,[9] because the Israelite religion was a derivative of the Canaanite religion and included a variety of deities from it, including El, Asherah, and Baal.[15] Initially a lesser deity among the Cannanite pantheon,[4][16] Yahweh became conflated with El in later centuries, taking his place as the head of the pantheon in the Israelite religion. El's consort Asherah became associated with Yahweh, and El-linked epithets, such as สพฤl ล adday (ืึตื ืฉึทืืึทึผื), came to be applied to him alone.[17][18] Characteristics of other deities, such as Asherah and Baal, were also selectively absorbed in conceptions of Yahweh.[19][20][21]
As Israelite Yahwism eventually developed into Judaism and Samaritanism, and eventually transitioned from polytheism to monotheism, the existence of other deities was denied outright, and Yahweh was proclaimed the creator deity and the sole deity to be worthy of worship. During the Second Temple period, Jews began to substitute other Hebrew words, primarily ฤแธลnฤy (ืึฒืึนื ึธื, lit.'My Lords'), in place of the name Yahweh.