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Hot Brew:
When you brew coffee hot, especially with higher temperatures, you extract more bitter compounds (like chlorogenic acids and trigonelline). This bitterness helps balance out the higher acidity in the coffee.
The bitterness and acidity together can create a complex flavor profile where the bitterness adds depth to the acidity, giving the coffee a more full-bodied and rounded taste. Essentially, bitterness can help soften or blend with the acidity, making it less jarring or sharp.
This is why hot coffee often feels more harmonious or balanced, even if itโs quite acidic. The bitterness complements the tangy flavors, softening them and creating that "bold" coffee flavor that many people enjoy.
Cold Brew:
In cold brew, bitterness is much lower due to the lower extraction of bitter compounds. The long, slow extraction process at lower temperatures brings out smoother, sweeter flavors but leaves out the more bitter notes that would normally balance out the acidity.
Without this bitterness to provide a counterpoint, any inherent acidity or sourness in the beans becomes more pronounced. Even if cold brew has less acidity overall due to reduced extraction of chlorogenic acids, what little acidity remains might stand out more.
This can lead to a sour taste that feels unbalanced or harsh, especially if the brew is overly concentrated or the beans themselves have a naturally higher acidity. Without that bitterness to act as a buffer, you may end up with a cup that feels disjointed or sharp, where the sourness is left standing on its own.