>>105737211Magnets work due to the motion of electric charges—specifically, the spin and movement of electrons within atoms.
Here’s a simplified explanation:
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1. Atomic Origins: Electron Spin
Electrons have a property called spin, which creates a tiny magnetic field.
In most materials, electrons are paired and their spins cancel out.
In magnetic materials (like iron, cobalt, nickel), many electrons have unpaired spins that align in the same direction.
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2. Magnetic Domains
In magnetic materials, groups of atoms form domains where the magnetic fields of many atoms are aligned.
Normally, these domains point in random directions, so the material isn’t magnetic overall.
When you magnetize it, the domains align, and the material produces a visible magnetic field.
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3. Magnetic Fields
A magnetic field is the area around a magnet where magnetic forces are felt.
It’s created by moving electric charges (like in electromagnets) or by aligned electron spins (in permanent magnets).
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Electromagnetism Connection
Magnetism and electricity are linked—this is the basis of electromagnetism.
Moving electric charges (current in a wire) generate magnetic fields.
Conversely, changing magnetic fields can induce electric currents (Faraday's Law).
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TL;DR:
Magnets work because the spins and movements of electrons inside certain materials align to produce a magnetic field. This field can attract or repel other magnetic materials or moving charges.
Let me know if you want an analogy or a visual explanation!