>>17790279 (OP)Yes, probably.
Pre-Arab/Islamic conquests Southern Europe was more culturally similar to North Africa, Anatolia and the levant than Northern Europe/Easter Europe, and the same was true the other way, the levant and anatolia had more in common with Greece/Italy culturally than they did with the Persians or Arabs.
What changed was the Arab/Islamic conquests, they made it so that there was a clear divide between Southern Europe and Northern Africa/West Asia, that being Arabization and Islam.
If anything it the mediterannean would've been more culturally homogenous because of the advancements in navigation/ships.