>>17870295 (OP)Great question — and you're touching on a genuinely complex part of Islamic history. Here's a breakdown to make it clearer:
---
Are Sufis Really Islamic?
Yes, Sufis are Islamic. Sufism is the mystical or spiritual tradition within Islam, much like Kabbalah in Judaism or Hesychasm in Orthodox Christianity. But it also diverges in emphasis and practice, which is why some question its "Islamic-ness."
---
Why Sufis Are Considered Islamic:
Core beliefs: Sufis believe in the Shahada (the declaration of faith), pray, fast, and uphold the Qur’an and Sunnah.
Theological roots: Major Sufi thinkers (like al-Ghazali, Rumi, Ibn Arabi) operated within Islamic theology, even if they pushed its boundaries.
Historical acceptance: Most Sufi orders (ṭuruq) were recognized and integrated into Islamic empires—especially under the Ottomans, Mughals, and Safavids.
Sunni and Shi’a Sufis exist: There are both Sunni-aligned and Shi’a-aligned Sufi traditions.
---
Why Some Muslims Reject or Criticize Sufism:
Innovation (Bid’ah): Some conservative Sunnis (esp. Wahhabis and Salafis) argue that Sufi practices like saint veneration, music/dance, and dhikr rituals are un-Islamic innovations.
Pantheistic language: Philosophers like Ibn Arabi spoke in terms that resemble monism or pantheism, which critics say contradict Islamic monotheism.
Cult-like behavior: Some orders (or specific sheikhs) have historically grown around strong personal loyalties, which rivals authority given only to Allah and Muhammad.
> In short: Sufis are within Islam, but their practices and metaphysics are sometimes controversial among other Muslims.