>>212319556NIMBYism is by definition supported exclusively by landlords, otherwise it would be called NIML(andlord's)BYism.
As in landlords representing real estate investment funds, they often buy up property just to sit on it, in order to stifle offer.
As for Portugal, there is indeed an observable reluctance from the political and executive body (almost all of it heavily invested in RE) in enacting pro-building policies. They are very lethargic in dealing with tourist accomodation venues, which subtract homes from the total pool, they incentivize mass immigration to worsen the demand, and they don't exert their powers to stimulate construction numbers, effectively the little that gets done is the biannual inauguration of public homes in the single digits ballpark, practically irrelevant, and residential complexes that seek to tap into the higher financial strata, luxury and upper middle class flat complexes, that only come through because the profit margins are such that our free market greenlights it, naturally it's mostly foreigners coming up with these amounts of liquidity.