>>215824583
For everything Europeans talk about green society and green policy, most European countries (not cities, countries) lack any meaningful hazardous materials or trash laws. Because of this, there exists an entire underground industry whereby European trash is sent to incinerators in poorer european countries or driven offshore and dumped in international waters. This is much cheaper to do than in the US. But before this happens, the trash collectors must first sort out all the useful materials from the trash like metal and rare earths. Because there isn't a lot of regulation, this is almost totally controlled by organized crime. Trash goes one way south to Italy but only a third of it is actually dumped into the Mediterranean. Strange. Most of these companies have large warehouses where they use illegal migrant labor chained up as slaves to sort the material. If they somehow can't bribe officials to allow it in Italy or Greece, it's done by the company's surrogates in Morocco, Algeria or Egypt. Also, epsecially in Egypt, the city government is full of inbred blue bloods that do not notice that Italians want to buy their trash and are unaware of the amount of valuable recoverable material from it. It is then repackaged or, if needed, refined back into bars and resold to chemical companies in Germany or France who remake it into on-spec material.
Whereas here in the US, because the trash stays in the US, the FBI took down the mob in the 80s and 90s. Also, offshore dumping bans are meaningfully enforced. But more importantly, most retail end sales are not regulated and are thus controlled by Walmart. Companies that sell at Walmart do not care to buy their materials domestically just to ship it to China, whereas European retailers prefer European companies (often required by law) and therefore have to prefer European sourced materials.
And in Russia all goes to the big central incinerator and burned for heat, even if it's toxic batteries needed for drones.