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Spain holds around half or more of Europe’s biodiversity in many taxonomic groups: roughly ~50% of fauna (animals) and ~59% of vascular plants (in the given data) of Europe. Periods of endemism are even higher.
Spain enjoys a very high level of biodiversity in Europe. Below are key figures and explanations:
According to the Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development (OECD), Spain hosts over 8,000 species of vascular plants, which represent about 80% of all such species found in Europe, and around 59% of the total on the European continent. Spain also has around 142,000 species of fauna, which the OECD estimates at about 50% of all species in Europe.
OECD
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OECD
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According to a report from the Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (MITECO) of Spain, there are approximately 80,000 taxa recorded in Spain. Within that: 8,000 species of vascular plants (over 80% of the EU total, 59% of the European continent) and more than 50% of the fauna species found in Europe.
MITECO
Additional detail: about 30% of all endemic European species are found in Spain, including about 25‑30% of vascular plants and 64% of amphibians.