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>>in under 2000 characters explain all the times during the cold war where one side or the other came very close to launching a nukeChatGPT said:
During the Cold War, several incidents nearly triggered nuclear war, often due to miscommunication, technical errors, or heightened tensions. Here are key moments:
1956 – Suez Crisis Confusion: Soviet radar mistakenly picked up British and French planes as a potential U.S. nuclear strike during the Suez Crisis, briefly raising Soviet alert levels.
1960 – NORAD False Alarm: A radar in Greenland mistook the moonrise for a Soviet missile attack. U.S. forces went on high alert before realizing the error.
1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: The closest point to nuclear war. A U.S. naval blockade of Cuba confronted Soviet missile shipments. On October 27, a Soviet submarine nearly launched a nuclear torpedo when cornered by U.S. depth charges. Only the refusal of second-in-command Vasily Arkhipov prevented it.
1979 – NORAD Training Tape Incident: A technician accidentally ran a simulation tape, making it appear the USSR had launched missiles. U.S. forces prepared to retaliate until it was identified as a false alarm.
1980 – Faulty Chip Incident: A computer chip failure falsely showed 200+ Soviet missiles incoming. Again, the alert was canceled after verification showed no attack.
1983 – Stanislav Petrov Incident: A Soviet early-warning system showed five incoming U.S. missiles. Officer Stanislav Petrov correctly judged it a false alarm (likely caused by sunlight reflections) and refused to escalate, averting potential war.
1983 – NATO Exercise “Able Archer”: This NATO simulation was so realistic that the USSR believed a real strike might be imminent. Soviet forces prepared for war, but NATO stood down in time.
Each incident underscores how fragile peace was, often preserved by individual decisions or luck rather than system reliability.