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Why are girls getting their periods earlier?
Avg. age of menarche dropped from ~16 in the 1800s to ~11.9 today. Here's what's driving the trend
Higher body weight
Girls with more body fat often start puberty earlier. Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that triggers puberty.
Diet changes
More processed, high-fat, high-sugar foods affect hormone levels—even in early childhood.
Hormone-disrupting chemicals
Exposure to BPA, phthalates, & other EDCs in plastics and cosmetics can mimic estrogen in the body.
Stress & environment
Chronic stress, trauma, or unstable home life in early childhood can lead to earlier puberty. It’s an evolutionary response to adversity.
Earlier breast development
Some girls now begin developing breasts as early as age 7–8. Hormonal changes may start years before the first period.
Sleep & screen time
Artificial light and disrupted sleep cycles may interfere with melatonin, which regulates puberty hormones.
Epigenetics
A mother’s early puberty, plus shared exposures, can be passed on—not just genetically but biologically.