>>518606970 (OP)
>Can one support Israel politically but not religiously?
Sure. Politically, Israel was legitimately founded according to international agreements, laws and principles, when a people announced their independence on a terra nullius following the British mandate of Palestine (note that Palestine refers to the land, not to any political entity). Since then Israel has advanced from a unique take on communism to a modern capitalist society. Lacking in natural resources, Israel exports ideas, and the world benefits from it in virtually every field. It also reportedly provides western countries with intelligence tips to stop terrorism in their borders. All pretty good politically and practically.
Religiously, you could have numerous arguments, depending on your religious belief. Muslims think Israel should be Muslim, because according to them "once you go Muslim, you never go back", and Israel going back is an insult to their religion. Christians think that Christ is the next step of Judaism, and that Jews are denying the true Messiah, perhaps delegitimizing Judaism as a religion.
You could also be non-religious and say that you don't support Israel from the religious claim of the land ("God promised"), but from a historic claim, supported by archeological findings. The ethnically Jewish people lived in the land before, and regardless of the hogwash they believe in, the land of Judea is their native land.