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What you're basically describing is that the multiculturalism is believable because the dominant culture in each case is trying to deliberately stamp out the smaller culture. Or, more charitably, the smaller culture is assimilating to the dominant culture. The Duskwight have lost their homeland so they're forced to be second-class citizens to the Wildwood and kind of obey their culture. The Ala Mhigan refugees are caught in the typical refugee issue of battering their own culture against their host cultures. Limsa Lominsa has multiple different types of beastmen (including the Mamool Ja) running around through its streets and has the very normal, industrious Plainsfolk just kind of chilling alongside pirates of disparate cultures and nationalities trying to adopt their agriculture.

The city-states are very diverse but part of the point is that there's many of them in a small area because they're so disparate. The cultures in Tural really don't have a ton that distinguishes them meaningfully and Tulliyolal is essentially no more diverse than any given Eorzean city-state. Every single time there's a wide shot of a crowd they're all wearing their Official Tulliyolal Diversity Poncho. Usually in the exact same motehrfucking color. It's the most monocultural of them because there is no conflict and clash of the separate cultures because they're all so shallow.