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Adolphe Cremieux, a lawyer and radical left-wing politician, was also the instigator of the foundation of a universal Jewish organization which fought against segregation and persecution of Jews throughout the world. This was the “Alliance Israelite Universelle”. On May 17, 1860, the “Appel de 1'Alliance”, the founding text of the organization, was drawn up by six (rather young) French Jews. Cremieux did not want to come to the fore, but in 1863 he became the president of the “Universal Israelite Alliance”. Cremieux had played an important part in the revolutionary movements of 1848 and had joined, together with Leon Gambetta (Freemason), the “Government of National Defense” (1870-71) as Minister of Justice.