Japans arcade scene was dominated by PvP games more than single player 1cc. Shoot em ups were big at times, but the cost of getting that many hours to master an arcade game in Japan was prohibitive with 100 yen for a basic game, at a time when the yen was strong and wages were low. Each attempt at a game cost as much as a beer from a vending machine back them to put it in perspective. This was true from 1984 through the early 2000s. Way too expensive to get dozens of hours on a machine for most people to grt a 1cc, but it did happen in rare cases. They were more interestes in high scores than 1cc.

Japans 1cc culture came instead from home ports of those games on PC98 and modern (at the time) game consoles. Japans bullet hell culture thrived on the home computer but they did exist in arcades as well. The 1cc fad of the 21st century in the west was at least in part popularized from the touhou community, games that didnt even exist in the arcades, but Cave games also helped it along. It was further fueled by /jp/ being their usual elitist selves, back in the early days when they were still part of /v/ and the shitpost that "you disnt really beat a game until you 1cc it" came from them. From there it transitioned to the beat em up community and turned them all into salty cunts.
Pic related is a touhou 1cc chart, and you can see at a glance that they are mentally ill people.