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7/7/2025, 12:59:22 PM
“As a geneticist I also know that it is simply no longer possible to ignore average genetic differences among ‘races.'”
“While race may be a social construct, differences in genetic ancestry that happen to correlate to many of today’s racial constructs are real.”
“To insist that no meaningful average differences among human populations are possible is harmful. It is perceived as misleading, even patronizing, by the general public.”
“Genetic studies have demonstrated differences across populations not just in the genetic determinants of simple traits such as skin color, but also in more complex traits like bodily dimensions and susceptibility to diseases.”
“Genetic variations are likely to affect behavior and cognition just as they affect other traits.”
“Given that all genetically determined traits differ somewhat among populations, we should expect that there will be differences in the average effects, including in traits like behavior.”
“Present-day human populations […] have in a number of instances been largely isolated from one another for tens of thousands of years. These long separations have provided adequate opportunity for the frequencies of genetic variations to change.”
“The ancestors of East Asians, Europeans, West Africans and Australians were, until recently, almost completely isolated from one another for 40,000 years or longer, which is more than sufficient time for the forces of evolution to work.”
“Well-meaning people who deny the possibility of substantial biological differences among human populations are digging themselves into an indefensible position, one that will not survive the onslaught of science.”
- David Reich, head of population genetics at Harvard Medical School
“While race may be a social construct, differences in genetic ancestry that happen to correlate to many of today’s racial constructs are real.”
“To insist that no meaningful average differences among human populations are possible is harmful. It is perceived as misleading, even patronizing, by the general public.”
“Genetic studies have demonstrated differences across populations not just in the genetic determinants of simple traits such as skin color, but also in more complex traits like bodily dimensions and susceptibility to diseases.”
“Genetic variations are likely to affect behavior and cognition just as they affect other traits.”
“Given that all genetically determined traits differ somewhat among populations, we should expect that there will be differences in the average effects, including in traits like behavior.”
“Present-day human populations […] have in a number of instances been largely isolated from one another for tens of thousands of years. These long separations have provided adequate opportunity for the frequencies of genetic variations to change.”
“The ancestors of East Asians, Europeans, West Africans and Australians were, until recently, almost completely isolated from one another for 40,000 years or longer, which is more than sufficient time for the forces of evolution to work.”
“Well-meaning people who deny the possibility of substantial biological differences among human populations are digging themselves into an indefensible position, one that will not survive the onslaught of science.”
- David Reich, head of population genetics at Harvard Medical School
7/5/2025, 5:03:37 PM
>>509577529
The Hohenzollerns
The Electorate of Brandenburg had no Jews in the 17th century. We must deem it disastrous that the Great Elector Frederick William I, when there was a temporary expulsion of Jews from Vienna in 1670, allowed the immigration of fifty Jewish families. His extravagant son, King Frederick I, was tempted by the lucrative source of revenue from the protection letters for Jews to permit a larger number of Jews and we have received loud complaints about the resulting grievances.
There were no expulsions in the 18th century. However, Kings Frederick William I and Frederick II, the Great, were eager to protect their subjects from exploitation. This became increasingly difficult as the acquisition of Silesia and West Prussia multiplied the Jewish population of the state. Frederick II issued a "Regulation for the Jewish Community" in Prussia. The freedom of movement for Jews was restricted for the sake of the greater good, and they remained under foreign law. The great king prioritized duties to his own people; he was, as Kernholt writes, "the last Hohenzollern of whom one can say this about his Jewish policy." It should not be overlooked that even Frederick the Great felt compelled during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) to engage with Jewish coin debasers due to immense financial need. In the process, the court Jew Ephraim became wealthy.
The Hohenzollerns
The Electorate of Brandenburg had no Jews in the 17th century. We must deem it disastrous that the Great Elector Frederick William I, when there was a temporary expulsion of Jews from Vienna in 1670, allowed the immigration of fifty Jewish families. His extravagant son, King Frederick I, was tempted by the lucrative source of revenue from the protection letters for Jews to permit a larger number of Jews and we have received loud complaints about the resulting grievances.
There were no expulsions in the 18th century. However, Kings Frederick William I and Frederick II, the Great, were eager to protect their subjects from exploitation. This became increasingly difficult as the acquisition of Silesia and West Prussia multiplied the Jewish population of the state. Frederick II issued a "Regulation for the Jewish Community" in Prussia. The freedom of movement for Jews was restricted for the sake of the greater good, and they remained under foreign law. The great king prioritized duties to his own people; he was, as Kernholt writes, "the last Hohenzollern of whom one can say this about his Jewish policy." It should not be overlooked that even Frederick the Great felt compelled during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) to engage with Jewish coin debasers due to immense financial need. In the process, the court Jew Ephraim became wealthy.
7/5/2025, 3:08:29 PM
7/5/2025, 3:03:11 PM
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