Old or related threads: >>39791746

>Introduction:
This chart traces the genealogy of Ishmael (Isma'il) ﷺ, the forefather of the Arab tribes, and clarifies the distinction between the two Qahtans. It also highlights key figures, including the Quraysh tribe of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Let’s explore their history!

>Ishmael (Isma'il) – The Father of the Arabs
* Son of Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) ﷺ and Hagar (Hājar).
* Settled in Mecca, where he and Abraham rebuilt the Kaaba.
* Had 12 sons, who became the leaders of various Arab tribes.
His descendants are divided into two major lineages:
* Adnanites (العرب المستعربة – Arabized Arabs) – Descendants of Adnan, including Quraysh.
* Qahtanites (العرب العاربة – Pure Arabs) – Descendants of Qahtan II, including Sabaeans and Himyarites.

>The 12 Sons of Ishmael – Founders of Arab Tribes
Each son became the patriarch of an Arab tribe, spreading across Arabia, Mesopotamia, and the Levant. Some key tribes:
* Qedar (قيدار) – Ancestor of the Adnanites (Northern Arabs).
* Nebaioth (نبايوت) – Connected to the Nabataeans (Petra civilization).
* Dumah (دومة) – Linked to Dumah al-Jandal, an important trade center in northern Arabia.
* Tayma (تيما) – Associated with the historic city of Tayma (تيماء) in present-day Saudi Arabia.
These tribes laid the foundation of later Arab civilizations.