1. Before capitalism, economies were embedded in social relations. Capitalism, especially the “self-regulating market,” disembedded the economy from society, making profit the guiding principle rather than human need. Therefore, capitalism doesn’t naturally adapt to needs; it imposes market logic on society.
2. Land, labor, and money as fictitious commodities or things not originally produced for sale but forced into markets under capitalism. When essential aspects of life are treated as commodities, the market cannot truly reflect human needs, since people must sell labor or endure dispossession simply to survive.
3. Capitalism’s pursuit of profit triggers a counter-movement where society pushes back to protect itself (labor laws, welfare, environmental protections). This shows that capitalism left alone does not adapt to needs; it destabilizes society until resistance forces adaptation.
4. Market society doesn’t merely respond to demand, it creates demand by reshaping culture and social expectations.This undermines the claim that capitalism is simply reactive to preexisting wants and needs.