>>17925840
this is an extremely outdated study before isogg or snps were even used
The Lucotte study used the p49/TaqI polymorphism to define haplotype V. This marker, from early Y-DNA research, lacks the resolution of modern SNP-based haplogroup typing
Modern studies use high-resolution SNP panels and STR markers, providing more precise haplogroup assignments
An SNP is a single base-pair substitution at a specific genomic position, identified directly through sequencing or targeted assays. Modern Y-DNA haplogroup studies rely on SNPs (e.g., M81 for E-M81) because they’re stable, binary, and phylogenetically informative. RFLPs like p49/TaqI, used in the 1990s and early 2000s, capture broader sequence variations but are less precise, as they may reflect multiple underlying mutations or structural changes, not just a single nucleotide change. This can lead to ambiguous or overlapping haplotype definitions.

here a modern study, iberians are only 4% e-m81

>>17925846
why do you reply to yourself? insecure costa rican loser