>>150451502
Bane wanted Bruce to become just like him, which means Bruce needs to voluntarily submit to the Joker because Bane himself voluntarily submitted to the Joker as well. Since he couldn't "break" Bruce directly, he decided to fuck with him by going after his friends.

And yes, as >>150451531 says Bane mutilated Penguin in order to mock him for wanting to be "big." He also burned exactly 50% of Two-Face's body because he felt like Harvey was trying to live two lives, i.e. be a respectable lawyer while also being friends with low-lives and criminals, and he punched Riddler in the brain until he developed autism.