Devastation: War, rebellion, natural disasters, or instability reduce productivity. A devastated province will underperform compared to a stable, peaceful one.

Local Modifiers: Some Locations feature unique modifiers tied to geography, culture, or history that enhance or alter production.

Fertile Nile Delta is a location modifier throughout the Nile Delta, increasing output of food production

Location Rank: Transitioning from a rural area to a town or city decreases the maximum R.G.O size, reflecting urbanization’s shift away from raw resource extraction.

Technology: Advances in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing boost output. Certain advances are tied to specific goods output, for example, the Slitting Mills Advance in the Age of Reformation, increases iron production by 66% nationwide. Many other advances increase maximum levels of R.G.Os throughout your nation.

Slitting Mills Advance Age of Reformation

Literacy: Higher literacy among labourers in a given location increases the potential size of resource gathering operations.

Buildings: Infrastructure such as windmills can improve output for specific goods, like boosting wheat and rice production in agricultural locations.There are also buildings that produce raw materials such as sand pits and salt collectors.

I don't like sand, it's coarse and rough and irritating and it gets everywhere… But I need it to run my other buildings

Together, these systems ensure that resource production in EU5 is not static, but evolves alongside your nation’s growth, technology, and the challenges it faces.