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Germany’s Peenemünde was a single, centralized R&D and production complex with dedicated test stands, wind tunnels, and assembly tunnels.
U.S. rocketry before 1945 was diffuse—focused on aviation support (JATO), small research rockets at White Sands and Caltech, and no major weapons-development center for ballistic systems.
Guidance: German missiles used pioneering inertial systems; American JATO had no guidance (it simply burned for a fixed time), and U.S. sounding rockets were unguided beyond basic fin stabilization.
Von Braun’s work enabled America’s leap into large-scale rocketry and trained much of the early rocketry workforce,
