Ukraine has lost roughly 11–13million people from its pre‑war population through international displacement, internal displacement, deaths, and loss of population in occupied or annexed regions. This immense toll includes:
~2–3million people who fled and are unlikely to return,
~4.6million internally displaced,
~13,000 confirmed (possibly many more) civilian deaths,
~45,000–100,000 military deaths,
and ~1.5–1.75million people from occupied territories living elsewhere.