Obviously colonies as there was an entire ecosystem set up to kill natives and extract resources.
Missions
>used to push out their claim to land
>indoctrinate locals to by forcing them to attend church and abandon their religion/native language
>natives who came to trade would bring back diseases from the farm animals
Presidios
>also used to push out their claim to land
>used as military outposts from where raids could be conducted and existing settler colonies could be protected
Haciendas
>center of wealth extraction
>large estates where high-ranking officials would build massive plantations, factories or gold mines
>mestizos, mixed breeds, indians all forced to work on these for their peninsular masters

Though they may have had their equivalent forms back in Spain, the structure and aims of these were far different as they sought to completely erase the native culture wherever possible while also sending back gold and other exotic goods to the elite of Spaniard society